UShishino lobuGcisa kunye noMvelisi weeNkqubo zeMiqondiso yoMfanekiso ukusukela ngo-1998.Funda ngokugqithisileyo
Iintlobo zeMiqondiso
Iimpawu zeBraille |Iimpawu zeADA |Iimpawu ezibambekayo
Usetyenziso
Ukuqonda Iimpawu zeBraille
IBraille yinkqubo yokubhala echukumisayo eyaveliswa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-19 yindoda engumFrentshi uLouis Braille.Le nkqubo isebenzisa amachaphaza aphakanyisiweyo acwangciswe ngokweepateni ezahlukeneyo ukumela oonobumba, amanani, kunye neempawu zobhalo.IBraille iye yaba ngumlinganiselo wokufunda nokubhala kubantu abangaboniyo, yaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiinkalo ezininzi zobomi bemihla ngemihla, kuquka nemiqondiso.
Iimpawu zeBraille zikwabizwa ngokuba yi-ADA (uMthetho waseMelika abakhubazekileyo) iimpawu okanye iimpawu ezibambekayo.Babonisa amagama aphakanyisiweyo eBraille kunye nemizobo enokubonwa lula kwaye ifundwe ngokuchukumisa.Ezi mpawu zisetyenziselwa ukunika ulwazi kunye nezalathiso kubantu abangaboniyo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba bayayazi indawo ebangqongileyo, kwaye banokuhambahamba ngokukhuselekileyo nangokuzimeleyo.
Izinto eziluncedo kwiimpawu zeBraille
1. Ukufikeleleka kwabantu abanokukhubazeka okubonakalayo
Iimpawu zeBraille zibonelela ngeendlela ezibalulekileyo zokufikeleleka kwabantu abangaboniyo, okubavumela ukuba bajonge izakhiwo, iiofisi, iindawo zikawonke-wonke kunye nezinye izixhobo ngokuzimeleyo.Ngokubonelela ngolwazi ngendlela ebambekayo enokuviwa, iimpawu zeBraille zinika ithuba lokufikelela ngokulinganayo kulwazi, zivumela abo bangaboniyo ukuba bathabathe inxaxheba eluntwini ngenkululeko engakumbi nokuzithemba.
2. Ukhuseleko
Iimpawu zeBraille zisenokomeleza ukhuseleko, kubantu abangaboniyo kunye nabo bangenabo.Kwiimeko zonxunguphalo ezifana nemililo okanye ukufuduka, iimpawu zeBraille zibonelela ngolwazi olubalulekileyo kwimiqondiso eyalathayo ukunceda abantu bafumane ezona ndlela zokuphuma ezikufutshane.Olu lwazi lunokuba luncedo kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla yemihla ngemihla, njengokuhambahamba kwiindawo ezingaqhelekanga ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo.
3. Ukuthotyelwa kweempawu ze-ADA
Iimpawu zeBraille ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yemiqondiso ethobela i-ADA.UMthetho waseMelika okhubazekileyo (ADA) ufuna ukuba zonke iindawo zikawonke-wonke zibe nemiqondiso efikelelekayo kubantu abakhubazekileyo.Oku kuquka ukunika imiqondiso enoonobumba ababambekayo, oonobumba abaphakanyisiweyo, kunye neBraille.
Iimpawu zeBraille Signs
1.Izinto eziphathekayo
Iimpawu zeBraille ziqhele ukwenziwa kwizinto ezihlala ixesha elide njengeplastiki, intsimbi, okanye iacrylic.Ezi zixhobo ziyakwazi ukumelana nokuvezwa kweemeko zemozulu ezinzima kunye neekhemikhali ezihlala zifumaneka kwiimveliso zokucoca.Ukongezelela, izinto eziphathekayo zinonyamezelo oluphezulu lokuchasana nokukrala okubangelwa kukugqoka kunye nokukrazula kwansuku zonke.
2.Ukuchasana koMbalat
Iimpawu zeBreyile zidla ngokuba nombala ophezulu wokuchasana, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukufunda kubantu abangaboni kakuhle.Oku kuthetha ukuba umahluko phakathi kwemvelaphi kunye namachaphaza eBraille aphakanyisiweyo ahlukile kwaye ahlukaniseka ngokulula.
3.Ukubekwa
Iimpawu zeBraille kufuneka zibekwe kwiindawo ezifikeleleka lula, ngaphakathi kwe-4-6 iinyawo ukusuka emhlabeni.Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba abantu abangaboni kakuhle banokuziva xa bemile ngaphandle kokufuna ukolula okanye ukufikelela.
Ukuqukumbela
Iimpawu zeBraille yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yeshishini kunye neenkqubo zemiqondiso yokukhangela indlela, ebonelela ngofikelelo olukwinqanaba eliphezulu, ukhuseleko, kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemigaqo ye-ADA.Banika ithuba abantu abangaboniyo ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kuluntu ngenkululeko ethe kratya kunye nokuzithemba, ukwenza ubomi babo bemihla ngemihla buzimele kwaye bukhululekile.Ngokubandakanya iimpawu zeBraille ngaphakathi kwenkqubo yakho yemiqondiso, indawo yakho inokubonelela ngofikelelo olungcono kulwazi, idale indawo engqongileyo ekhuselekileyo, kwaye ibonise ukuzibophelela ekufikelelekeni kunye nokubandakanywa.
