Iimpawu zeBraille | Iimpawu ze-ADA | Iimpawu zeTactile

Inkcazo emfutshane:

Kubantu abaneengxaki zokubonakalayo, ngokuhamba kwiindawo ezingaqhelekanga ezinjengezakhiwo, iiofisi, kunye neendawo zoluntu kunokuba ngumceli mngeni omkhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuphuhliswa nokusetyenziswa kweempawu zeBraille, ukufikeleleka kunye nokhuseleko kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke kuye kwaphucuka kakhulu. Kweli nqaku, siza kuthetha ngeengenelo kunye neempawu zeempawu zeBraille kunye nendlela ezinokuphucula ngayo ishishini kunye neendlela zokubonisa imiqondiso.

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Ukuqonda Iimpawu zeBraille

I-Braille yinkqubo yokubhala engqokelela eyenziwe ngenkulungwane ye-19 ngumFrentshi ogama linguLouis Braille. Inkqubo isebenzisa amachaphaza aphakanyisiweyo acwangciswe kwiipateni ezahlukeneyo ukumela iileta, amanani, kunye neziphumlisi. IBraille iba ngumgangatho wabantu abangaboniyo ukuba bafunde kwaye babhale, kwaye basetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkalo ezininzi zobomi bemihla ngemihla, kubandakanya imiqondiso.

Iimpawu zeBraille zikwabizwa ngokuba yi-ADA (amaMelika abakhubazekileyo Babonisa ukuba abalinganiswa beBraille kunye nemizobo enokuthi ifumaneke ngokulula kwaye ifundwe ngokuchukumisa. Le miqondiso isetyenziselwa ukubonelela ngolwazi kunye nemikhombandlela yabantu abaneengxaki zokubonakalayo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba bayayazi indawo abahlala kuyo, kwaye banokuhamba ngokuzimeleyo nangokuzimela.

Izibonelelo zeempawu zeBraille

I-1. Ukufikelela kubantu abanengxaki yokubonakalayo
Iimpawu zeBraille zibonelela ngeendlela eziyimfuneko zokufikelela kubantu abanesifo sokubona, zibavumela ukuba bahambe izakhiwo, iiofisi, iindawo zikawonke-wonke, kunye nezinye iindawo ngokuzimeleyo. Ngokubonelela ngolwazi kwifomathi yetagetile enokuvakalelwa, iimpawu zeBraille zibonelela ngamathuba okufikelela ngokulinganayo kulwazi, zivumela abo bangakhange bathathe inxaxheba kuluntu ngenkululeko eninzi kunye nokuzithemba.

2. UKHUSELEKO
Iimpawu zeBraille zinokuphucula ukhuseleko, zombini zabantu abaneengxaki zokubonakalayo kunye nezo zingaphandle. Kwiimeko zikaxakeka ezinje ngemililo okanye ekukhutsheni, imiqondiso yeBraille inika ulwazi olubalulekileyo malunga nokubonisa abantu ukuba bancede abantu bafumane iindlela zokuphuma ekufuphi. Olu lwazi lunokunceda kwimisebenzi yosuku oluyimihla ngemihla, njengokuhambahamba kwiindawo ezingaqhelekanga ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo.

3. Ukuthobela imiqondiso yeada
Iimpawu zeBraille yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yemiqondiso ye-ADA. Abantu baseMelika Abakhubazekileyo AMNIKI (ADA) ifuna ukuba zonke iindawo zikawonke-wonke ziyisayina ezifikelelekayo kubantu abakhubazekileyo. Oku kubandakanya ukubonelela ngeempawu kunye nabalinganiswa abanesidima, iileta eziphakanyisiweyo, kunye neBraille.

Iimpawu zeempawu zeBraille

1.Amanzi
Iimpawu zeBraille zihlala zenziwa ngezinto ezomeleleyo ezifana neplastiki, intsimbi, okanye ne-acrylic. Ezi zixhobo zinokumelana nokuvezwa kweemeko zemozulu ezinzima kunye neekhemikhali zihlala zifunyanwa kwiimveliso zokucoca. Ukongeza, izixhobo zinonyamezelo oluphezulu lokukrazula okubangelwa kukunxiba nakwemihla ngemihla.

I-2.Color Contrast
Iimpawu zeBraille zihlala zilingana nombala ophezulu, obenza babe lula ukuba bafundele abantu ngombono ophantsi. Oku kuthetha ukuba umahluko phakathi kwemvelaphi kunye namachaphaza eBraille ephakanyisiweyo ahlukileyo kwaye ahlukane ngokulula.

3.Ukusebenza
Iimpawu zeBraille kufuneka zibekwe kwiindawo ezifikeleleka ngokulula, ngaphakathi kweenyawo ezingama-4-6 emhlabeni. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba abantu abaneengxaki zokubonakalayo banokuziva bengazivanga bengafuni ukolula okanye ukufikelela.

Ukuqukumbela

Iimpawu zeBraille yeyona nto ibalulekileyo yeshishini kunye neenkqubo zokutyibilika zendlela, zibonelela ngokufikeleleka kwinqanaba, ukhuseleko, kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemigaqo yeAda. Banika ithuba lokuba abantu abaphembelele ekuboneni ukuba bathathe inxaxheba eluntwini ngenkululeko engakumbi kunye nokuzithemba, kwenza ubomi babo bobomi buzimeleyo kwaye bukhulu. Ngokufaka iimpawu zeBraille kwiNkqubo yakho yeMiqondiso, indawo yakho inokubonelela ngokufikelela ngcono kulwazi, yenza indawo ekhuselekileyo, kwaye ubonise ukuzibophelela ekufikeleleni nakubandakanyo.

Ngaphambili: I-Star kunye nenqanaba lenqanaba lemigangatho | Iimpawu zomgangatho

Okulandelayo: Imiqondiso yeleta ephezulu | Iimpawu zeleta yokwakha

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